The energy sector in Cameroon is organized around numerous administrative and public and private organizations:
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- The Ministry of Energy and Water (MINE), through its various branches (Electricity, Products Oil and Hydraulic), designs, develops and oversees the implementation of national energy policy;
- Ministries: Scientific Research Innovation (MINRESI), Finance, Industry and Technological Development; Forest Fauna, Transport, Environment and Protection of Nature;
- Agency Regulation of Electricity Sector (ARSEL) regulates and controls the activities of electricity sub-sector;
- The Rural Electrification Agency (REA) promotes rural electrification;
- Electricity Development Corporation (EDC), in charge of infrastructure development.
Several other organizations and industries, public and private are also within the energy sector, namely:
i) The buyer's strategic concession of power utility, AES-Sonel, which ensures the generation, transmission and distribution of electricity as part of a 20-year concession. It also involves its subsidiary KPDC;
ii)
iii)
iv) Cameroonian Society of Petroleum Deposits (PICS), which provides storage and supply of petroleum products distributors;
v) The Price Stabilization Fund of Hydrocarbons (HSPC), which provides the mechanism for stabilization and equalization in the distribution of finished petroleum products.
In addition, a number of private companies involved in exploration, production and distribution of oil and the transportation and distribution of crude oil (TOTAL, ELF SEREPCA; PECTEN). Regarding the distribution of finished products, various private companies are approved, including: TOTAL FINA ELF; OILYBIA; CORLAY; AZA AFRICA; TRADEX, TEXACO; Pétrolex; FIRST OIL; CAMOCO; MCTS; CAMGAZ. Some private companies provide the approved quality control of finished petroleum products transferred between several operators, it is primarily HYDRAC, SMS and Polytechnic. Other act in parallel in the biomass sector: ANAFOR and Research Laboratory of Energetics MINRESI.
During the period 2001-2003, major disturbances emerged in the supply of electricity within the concession of public service . Many SMEs are launched in the renewable energy sector particularly in the field of solar photovoltaic .
It is precisely the biomass, petroleum products, electricity and renewable energy.
Fuelwood and other biomass
Consumption of this type of energy in 1987/1988 was estimated at 18.61% against 81.39 in urban areas% in rural areas. The evolution of consumption is:
Petroleum products
They consist of refinery gas, butane, kerosene, gasoline, super, diesel, etc.. It will focus in this study two of these products, namely the domestic gas (butane gas) and kerosene.
Total consumption of petroleum products amounted to 807.46 ktoe in 1987/1988 and should be between 1035.65 and 2099.54 ktoe ktoe in 2010. The cooking gas and kerosene accounted respectively for the same year, 2.46% and 11.61% of this consumption. According to the living environment in 2005, 92% of people use kerosene in rural areas and 76.9% in urban areas. By cons, 3.3% use domestic gas in the middle Rural cons 45.9% in urban areas.
electricity and renewable energy
Regarding electricity, hydropower potential is estimated at about 20 000Mw, more than 115 billion kWh that the country could produce annually if these resources were developed. The production equipment is hydraulic and thermal properties, and the total installed capacity is about 928MW, including 723MW for the three hydro and 205MW for the 39 thermal power plants. Predictions are that power between 1734MW and 2254MW in 2010 [3] . The three major hydro (Mape Mbakaou and Bamendjin) have a total capacity of 7600 million cubic meters. Production is mainly carried out by AES-Sonel and was 3919GWh in 2004. Forecast to be between 6125GWh in 2010 and 9505GWh [4] and between 7091GWh in 2015 and 17174GWh [5] .
The transportation network consists of high voltage lines (HV), Medium Voltage (MV) and Low Voltage (LV). The table below shows the distribution lines, the number of subscribers and the amount of electricity sold to consumers:
AES-Sonel operates two independent networks of transportation and distribution known as the southern interconnected system (90% of energy) and northern interconnected system, with a total length of nearly 23,000 km, and other areas of the country (including East), which are not connected to these networks are powered by diesel plants independent.
Renewables are mostly those that deliver the electricity can be classified in this category, solar photovoltaic (electricity for domestic or professional, produced from the light, using solar panels), solar thermal (heat production, by converting the energy contained in sunlight), wind energy (electricity produced from wind) and geothermal energy (heat energy from the basement). These last two sources of energy are not yet exploited in Cameroon, although the North and Far North have suitable sites for e velop me nt wind energy, including the cities of Maroua and Kaélé.
[1] This sale was completed July 18, 2001.
[2] These results were obtained after the ECAM I and II, and the investigation GPL.
[3] These forecasts were prepared during the implementation of the National Energy Plan 1990. They are calculated using three assumptions (scenarios A, B and C):
- Scenario A: Economic growth with very low failure Structural Adjustment Programme;
- Scenario B: Moderate growth and success of structural adjustment plan;
- Scenario C: Success of Structural Adjustment and enabling international economic environment.
[4] These predictions are made according to the above scenarios.
[5] These estimates are based on the Development Plan of the Electricity Sector 2030 (PDSE-2030).
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