Posted on 10/10/2010
In its 2010 report on Africa, UNCTAD believes that the development of trade and financial relations between Africa and other developing countries should enable the continent to diversify production, acquiring technology and developing markets Regional.
Africa should adopt measures to ensure that its economic relations, more and more numerous, with major developing countries, including China, India and Brazil lead to a diversification of the economy and not on the mere sale of commodities and raw materials, according to the traditional pattern of relations with the continent's industrialized north. This is evident from the 2010 report of the UN Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), entitled "Economic Development in Africa: The South-South Cooperation: Africa and new forms of partnership Development ", which shows that the increasing number of new economic partners of the" South "can facilitate this transformation in Africa not only an intensification of trade and financial flows, but also by financing regional infrastructure projects and the transfer knowledge and technology.
For now, trade and investment with the South adhere to traditional pattern: African countries export agricultural products, minerals, ores and crude oil, and importing manufactured goods. However, UNCTAD notes a significant increase in the number and nature of cooperation agreements South Africa since 2000. The Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) is the best known and most complex, but other new institutions linking Africa to India, Brazil, the Republic of Korea and Turkey, among other partners. There are also new intercontinental strategic partnerships.
Patterns of cooperation with South Africa (click):
trade, investment and financial flows public are the main vectors of these new partnerships, in which the business occupies the first place.
- The total merchandise trade of Africa with developing countries outside Africa increased from 34 billion U.S. dollars in 1995 to 97 billion in 2004, then jumped to 283 billion in 2008.
- The number of investment projects (FDI) of creation funded by investors from developing countries outside Africa has risen from 52 in 2004 to 184 in 2008. (A greenfield investment is an investment in an operation entirely new manufacturing, construction offices, or other transaction involving a corporation.)
- The available data do not appreciate fully and reliable scale of public fund injections from developing countries, but it is estimated that public support of these countries to the region amounted to 2.8 billion U.S. in 2006 and has significantly increased since then because China, which is estimated to provide over 83% of the total pledged to double aid to Africa by 2009.
The non-African developing countries in 2008 accounted for 38% of trade in African countries, virtually tied with the European Union, according to the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. In 2000, the EU représentait 45% du commerce du continent noir et les pays en développement seulement 30%. Si les États-Unis étaient en 2008 le principal partenaire commercial du continent noir, avec 15% du total, la Chine était en deuxième position (10,6%), devant la France (8,3%). L’Inde s’est hissée au 8e rang (3,5%), après l’Italie, l’Allemagne, l’Espagne et la Grande-Bretagne. Elle est suivie des Pays-Bas et du Japon, devant le Brésil (11e rang, 2,6%) et l’Arabie saoudite (2,4%).
Part de certains partenaires dans le commerce total de l´Afrique, 1980-2008
Avec la croissance économique continue major developing countries, and weakening growth prospects in advanced economies, we can expect to see economic relations between Africa and other developing regions gain in relative importance.
In terms of scale, China is becoming the main source of bilateral assistance to Africa for infrastructure and productive sectors. According to available information, the Chinese commitments for financing infrastructure in sub-Saharan Africa have soared from 470 million in 2001 to 4.5 billion in 2007. An estimated 54% for 2002-2007 using the Chinese spent on infrastructure and public works.
However new trends should not be regarded as confined to China and Africa. Economic relations growing between these two partners are part of a larger trend to intensification of relations with South Africa, especially with emerging countries have a powerful and dynamic economy.
If the total merchandise trade with China increased from $ 25 billion in 2004 to 93 billion in 2008, total trade with India spent in the same period of $ 9 billion to 31 billion, and trade with Brazil from 8 to 23 billion.
The UNCTAD report also points out that cooperation with the South should result in the benefits obtained are more evenly distributed among countries. In 2008, the top five African exporters to developing countries supplied 68% of total exports of the region, and the first five African countries accounted for 57% of the region's imports from other developing countries.
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